Std - 9 & 10
English Grammar
Topic - language Functions
1. Describing Person: વ્યક્તિ વિશેનું વર્ણન, વ્યક્તિનો ઉલ્લેખ
હોય ત્યારે
Key words : who(કોણ , કે જે ),whose(કોનું ,કે જેનું , whom(કોને , કે જેને )
Examples: -
- - The boy who is standing outside the house, is my best friend.
- This is the man who helped me yesterday.
- Do you know the person whose car is lost last night?
- Rajesh is my friend who knows many language besides Gujarati.
- Manav is the student who got the first prize in the quiz competition.
- Rohanbhai is the person whom we respect.
- Rakeshbhai is the man whom we met yesterday.
- I met a lady whose mother is a doctor.
2) Describing
Time /Specifying Time - સમય દર્શાવવો કે
સમયનું વર્ણન કરવું , કે ક્રિયાનો સમય
Key words : next day, tomorrow , yesterday, before , ago, when , at 12.00 pm , on Monday, as soon as, etc.
Examples :-
-
When will you come to my house?
-
I bought
new bike yesterday?
-
We shall
go to Abu next june.
-
Our school
will reopen on 26Th October.
-
We
celebrate the Independence Day on 15th August.
-
The thief
had run away when the police came.
-
When the doctor came , the patient had died .
-
The train
will arrive at 11.30 a.m.
3) Describing Place :-(સ્થળનું વર્ણન,કોઈ સ્થાનનુ વર્ણન
કરવામાં આવ્યું હોય)
Key words : Where,
Wherever, which
Examples :-
-
Rajkot is
the place where Gandhiji studied.
-
Porbandhar is the place where Gandhiji
was born.
-
Saputara, which
is a famous hill station is in Gujarat.
-
This is
the place , where we visited twice.
-
The
bank, whose Manager is my
friend , was burgled last night.
-
The
Tajmahal which is in Agra is very famous.
Specifying Location :- (ચોક્કસ સ્થાન દર્શાવે છે , નિશ્ચિત સ્થળનું
સુચન કરે છે.)
Key words : In, on, in front of , beside, near, at, under,
behind, here, there
Examples: -
-
Ramukaka
is in the office.
-
The function was held in the town hall.
-
Our school is near the temple.
-
My Brother
has a house near the cinema.
-
Rahul
stood in front of our school gate.
-
Why are
you standing here?
-
Don’t go there.
-
The cow is
sitting under the tree.
Describing Thing :- (કોઈ વસ્તુ દર્શાવે છે , વસ્તુઓનું વર્ણન)
Key words :Which , that
Examples: -
-
The book that
you reading is The Ramayana.
-
The book lying on the table is The
Mahabharata.
-
This is the car which I bought last
Sunday.
-
This is the purse which had stolen long
time ago.
-
I like the bike whose colour is
blue.
-
Give me
the pencil which I gave you yesterday.
-
This is the mobile which was gifted me by my
best friend.
-
The book that
you are reading is written by Chetan Bhagat.
Describing Action / Frequency of
Action :- ક્રિયાનું વર્ણન , ક્રિયા ક્યારે ,કેટલી વખત બને તે
દર્શાવે (સાદા વર્તમાનકાળના વાક્યો )
Key words : (Tense)કાળના વાક્ય, always, often, never, sometimes, frequently, usually, rarely
Examples: -
-
The
students goes to school daily.
-
Umesh never reads books.
-
My mother gets up early in the morning.
-
We sometimes visit the zoo.
-
I like to watch horror movie.
-
My sister
rarely gets angry.
-
My
grandmother always prays to God.
-
He never
tells a lie.
-
My friend often goes to cinema.
-
My friends
meet me frequently.
-
Kamal
always comes late in the tuition.
Describing Process :- ક્રિયા કે પ્રક્રિયાનુ
વર્ણન, ક્રમાનુસાર ક્રિયા દર્શાવે.
Key words :સામાન્ય રીત ક્રિયાપદ થી
શરુ થતા આજ્ઞાર્થ વાક્યો
Examples: -
-
Heat the
milk and add some sugar to it.
-
Go
straight and then take a right turn.
-
Take a
glass of water; add some sugar; squeeze a lemon and stir it well.
-
Open your
wallet; take some money out and hand it over to me.
-
Mash the
potatoes and add salt and pepper to it.
-
Take this
paper with pen and write a story.
-
Close the
door and lock it.
Exchanging Niceties / Exchanging Pleasantries :- પ્રતિભાવોની અદલાબદલી , વાતચીતમાં વિનમ્રતા
દર્શાવવા
જ્યારે આપણે ખુશી કે
દુખ દર્શાવવા જે શિષ્ટાચાર દર્શાવીએ તેને
Key words : Congratulations! /Hello! /Great!/Get well
soon!/Thank you./ I am sorry./Good morning/evening/night./Sorry/ Wish you all
the best. /Best of luck. / Well done! / Cheer up! / What an idea!/ Many many happy
returns of the day./ Bad luck./ Happy journey.
Examples: -
-
Congratulations
dear, You have won the first prize.
-
Wish You a
veru very happy birthday to you my dear friends.
-
Thank you for informing me about the date of
final exam.
-
Hello!
Friends , How are you all?
-
Wish you all the best for your bright future.
-
Sorry for
what I have done.
-
Excuse me
! May I help you ?
-
Thanks a
lot/ Thank you so much!
-
I am so
sorry ! Deeply Regretted
-
"Bravo! bravo!"
cried his mother, her eyes sparkling with pride.
-
Hurrah! I did it.
Point of time(નિશ્ચિત સમય બિંદુ )
Key words : Since
કોઈ એક નિશ્ચિત
સમયબિંદુથી ક્રિયા થી રહી છે તે દર્શાવે છે.
Examples: -
-
I have
been living in the city since 1990.
-
He has been blind since birth.
-
Nilam has
been driving since 10.00 am.
-
My Brother
has been reading since morning.
-
Virat Has
been playing Cricket since 2007.
Duration of time (સમયગાળો)
Key words : For , How long
- કેટલા સમય કે
સમયગાળાથી ક્રિયા થઈ રહી છે તે દર્શાવે છે.
Examples: -
-
I have
been living in the city for twenty years.
-
Mr. Sharma
has been English teacher for twenty five years.
-
Ramesh has been working in this company for
ten years.
-
Rohit has been playing cricket for eight
years.
-
How long
have you been reading a book?
- Raj has been studying for two hours.
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