Std 9 and 10 English Grammar
Topic - Conjunctions (સંયોજકો)
And, But, Or, So, therefore,
Because, so that ,
Though, Although, Either or,
Neither Nor,
Otherwise, or else etc.
- Conjunction, a word that is used to connect words,phrases or sentences.
- બે શબ્દો , શબ્દ સમૂહો કે વાક્યોને જોડવા માટે સંયોજક નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.
1) AND - (અને)
- બે સમાન નામ કે ગુણ ધરાવતી વસ્તુઓ કે બાબતોને જોડવા માટે And સંયોજકનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.
- બે કર્તા કે નામ ને જોડાવા માટે
1) Ram is a student. shyam is a student.
- Ram and Shyam are students.
2) Rameshbhai is an engineer. Kamleshbhai is an engineer.
- Rameshbhai and Kamleshbhai are engineers.
બે સમાનગુણ ધરાવતા કર્મને જોડાવા માટે
1) My mother bought vegetables. My Mother bought Fruits.
- My mother bought vegetables and fruits.
2) Our teacher teaches us English.
Our teacher teaches us Gujarati.
- Our teacher teaches us English and Gujarati.
- બે સમાન ગુણ ધરાવતા વિશેષણ ને જોડવા માટે
1) Mahesh is clever. Mahesh is smart.
- Mahesh is clever and smart.
2) Manish is tall. Manish and fat.
- Manish is tall and short.
- બે અલગ અલગ ક્રિયાઓને જોડવા માટે.
1) Naren went home. He drank water.
- Naren went home and drank water.
2) Shital went to market. She bought vegetables.
- Shital went to market and bought vegetables.
BUT (પણ , પરંતુ)
- જ્યારે બે વાક્યો વચ્ચે વિરોધાભાસ દર્શાવે તેવા વાક્યોમાં But સંયોજક મૂકી બે વાક્યોને જોડવા.
1) Rohan worked hard. He failed in the exam.
Rohani world hard but he failed in the exam.
2) Mukesh is rich. He looks unhappy.
- Mukesh is rich but looks unhappy.
3) It is raining outside. The children are playing.
- It is raining outside but the children are playing.
4) Rahul is poor. He is honest.
- Rahul is poor but honest.
5) Hiren ran fast. He could not get the bus.
- Hiren ran fast but he couldn't get the bus.
નોંધ- વાક્યમાં વિરોધાભાસ દર્શાવે ત્યારે but/Yet/Still સંયોજક વડે બે વાક્યો ને જોડી શકાય છે.
3) OR (અથવા)
જ્યારે વાક્યમાં વિકલ્પ દર્શાવે છે બે માંથી કોઈ એક એવી અર્થ સૂચવે તેવા વાકયો ને જોડવા or સંયોજક નો ઉપયોગ કરવો.
1) Sohan will come today. Sohan will come tomorrow.
- Sohan will come today or tomorrow.
2) Will you have tea ? Will you have coffee?
- Will you have tea or coffee?
3) Manish will go to mumbai. Manish will go to Kolkata.
Manish will go to Mumbai or Kolkata.
4) SO / THEREFORE ( માટે, તેથી)
જ્યારે એક વાક્યનું પરિણામ બીજું વાક્ય દર્શાવતું હોય ત્યારે તેવા વાક્યને So / Therefore સંયોજક વડે જોડી શકાય છે.
- પ્રથમ વાક્ય કારણ અને બીજું વાક્ય તેનું પરિણામ દર્શાવે છે.
1) Rahul was seek. He did no go to school.
- Rahul was seek so he did not go to school.
2) Ramesh studied hard. He got the first rank.
- Ramesh studied hard so he got the first rank.
3) Roshani has some money. She bought a new car.
- Roshani has some money so she bought a new car.
4) Mr. Sharma was suffering from fever. He did not attend the meeting.
- Mr. Sharma was suffering from fever so he did not attend the meeting.
5) Ravi was brave. He could catch the thief.
- Ravi was brave so he could catch the thief.
5) BECAUSE ( કારણ કે)
- કારણ દર્શાવવા માટે Because સંયોજક નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.
નોંધ - પ્રથમ વિધાન પરિણામ હશે અને બીજું વિધાન તેનું કારણ હશે.
1) Roshani did no go to school. She was ill.
- Roshani did not go to school because she was ill.
2) Virat was angry. He lost the match.
- Virat was angry because he lost the match.
3) Father was happy. Aman stood the first in the class.
- Father was happy because Aman stood the first in the class.
4) We all trust him. He is honest.
We all trust him because he is honest.
5) The indian team lost the world cup. The players did not play well.
- The indian team list the world cup because the players did not play well.
નોંધ :- કારણ દર્શાવતા વાક્યમાં because ના સ્થાને since અને as સંયોજક મૂકી વાક્ય જોડી શકાય છે.
6) Otherwise / Or else / Or ( નહીંતર , અથવા તો)
-બે સંકલિત બનાવો માંથી કોઈ એક ની પસંદગી કરવા માટે
(નકારાત્મક ભાવ જોવા મળે છે)
1) Run Fast. You will miss the train.
- Run fast or /otherwise you will miss the train.
2) Complete your homework. You will be punished.
- Complete your homework otherwise you will be punished.
3) You must tell the truth. No one will trust you.
- You must tell the truth or else no one will trust you.
4) Montu should work hard. He will not succeed.
- Month should work hard otherwise he will not succeed.
5) Don't shout there. The neighbour will scold you.-
Don't Shout there otherwise the neighbour will scold you.
6) Either.....or ( આ અથવા પેલું )
- વિકલ્પ સૂચવે છે. બે વિકલ્પો ને જોડવા માટે
- હકારાત્મક ભાવ સૂચવે છે.
1) Ramnik will drink tea. Ramnik will drink coffee.
- Ramnik will drink either tea or coffee.
2) He will read a book. He will watch a t.v.
- He will either read a book or watch a t.v.
3) They go to mumbai. They go to Kolkata.
- They will go either mumbai or. Kolkata.
4) Give ma a pen. Give me a pencil.
- Give me either a pen or a pencil.
5) They will visit Rajkot. They will visit Bhavnagar.
- They will visit either Rajkot ot Bhavnagar.
7) Neither ...nor ( આ પણ નહીં.. પેલું પણ નહીં.)
- સૂચવેલ બાબત માંથી એક પણ નહીં તેમ દર્શાવે છે.
નકારાત્મક ભાવ જોવા મળે છે.
Neither...nor વાક્યને નકાર બનાવે છે જેથી વાક્યમાં not નો ઉપયોગ થશે નહીં.
1) Mehul is not Clever. Mehul is not smart.
Mehul is neither clever nor smart.
2) They will not go to Abu. They will not go to Goa.
- They will go neither Abu nor Goa.
3) He will not dance in the party. He will not sing in the party.
He will neither dance nor sing in the party.
4) Virat did not bat in the match. Virat did not bowl in the match.
- Virat neither bat nor bowl in the match.
5) Vishal can not speak english.
Vishal can not understand english.
- Vishal can neither speak nor understand english.
8) Though / Although (તેમ છતાં છતાં પણ)
- બને વાક્યો વિરોધી ભાવ દર્શાવતા હોય ત્યારે વાક્યોને Though સંયોજક વડે જોડવામાં આવે છે.
-સામાન્ય રીતે Though વાક્યની શરૂઆતમાં આવે છે તથા તેના પછી કર્તા મુકવામાં આવે છે.
1) He worked hard. He failed.
- Though he worked hard, he failed.
2) Ramukaka is old. He is healthy.
- Though Ramukaka is old , he is healthy.
3) He is poor. He is unhappy.
- Though he is poor, he is unhappy.
4) Ramu is poor. He is honest.
- Though Dami is poor, he is honest.
5) Kamal was ill. He went to office.
- Though Kamal was ill, he went to office.
9) So that ( જેથી , જેથી કરીને)
વાક્યોમાં ક્રિયાનો હેતુ સ્પષ્ટ થાય ત્યારે.
So that વાક્યની વચ્ચે આવે તથા તેના પછી કર્તા+ ક્રિયાપદ મુકવામાં આવે છે.
1) I will give you a pen. You can write nicely.
- I will give you a pen so that you can write nicely.
2) You should study well. You can get good marks.
- You should study well so that you can get good marks.
3) I opened the door. He could come in.
- I opened the door so that he could come in.
4) Niraj practises hard. He can win gold in Olympic.
- Niraj practises hard so that he can win gold in Olympic.
5) We must wear a mask. We can be safe from corona.
We must wear mask so that we can be safe from corona.
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